Sustainability Oriented Vehicle Route Planning Based on Time-Dependent Arc Travel Durations

Traffic congestion has become a growing concern in cities, with both economic and environmental impacts on individuals the logistics industry. Therefore, model of freight distribution urban areas considering objectives needs to be established alleviate consequences. In this paper, multi-stage heuristic algorithm is designed for solving route planning based time-dependent arc travel durations. The includes savings method, modified tabu search cycle transforming optimization (CTO) algorithm. Benchmark instances case Jingdong, one largest e-commerce platforms China, have been adopted verify accuracy feasibility Results performance test reveal that suitable addressing large-scale instances. Based single objective models, two referring economical-related environmental-related factors are considered proposed sustainability oriented bi-objective model, solution framework using multi-objective decision making method relaxation coefficient which model. Finally, durations real-time traffic information incorporated into algorithms, simulation process dynamic updating strategy, can reduce costs route-associated emissions companies.